Corrosion is one of the most expensive and persistent problems in the oil and gas industry. From wellbores and pipelines to refineries and offshore platforms, corrosion threatens asset integrity, safety, and production efficiency. According to NACE (now AMPP), the global cost of corrosion exceeds $2.5 trillion annually, and oil &
Introduction The oil and gas industry operates in some of the most challenging environments on Earth. From deep-sea drilling to high-temperature refinery operations, the reliability and performance of materials used in these settings are paramount. Materials science and metallurgy play a crucial role in ensuring operational efficiency, safety, and sustainability.
Pipeline External Stress Corrosion Cracking: Oil and gas buried pipelines are externally protected by a combination of coatings/wrappings and cathodic protection. When the coating or wrapping fails, water can accumulate between the coating/wrapping and the pipeline steel surface. The composition of such accumulated water can result in external stress corrosion
